2 Samuel 11:15

Authorized King James Version

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And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב And he wrote H3789
וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב And he wrote
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 1 of 15
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
בַּסֵּ֖פֶר in the letter H5612
בַּסֵּ֖פֶר in the letter
Strong's: H5612
Word #: 2 of 15
properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book
לֵאמֹ֑ר saying H559
לֵאמֹ֑ר saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 3 of 15
to say (used with great latitude)
הָב֣וּ Set H3051
הָב֣וּ Set
Strong's: H3051
Word #: 4 of 15
to give (whether literal or figurative); generally, to put; imperatively (reflexive) come
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה ye Uriah H223
אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה ye Uriah
Strong's: H223
Word #: 6 of 15
urijah, the name of one hittite and five israelites
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 7 of 15
near, with or among; often in general, to
מוּל֙ H4136
מוּל֙
Strong's: H4136
Word #: 8 of 15
properly, abrupt, i.e., a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite
פְּנֵ֤י in the forefront H6440
פְּנֵ֤י in the forefront
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 9 of 15
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ battle H4421
הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ battle
Strong's: H4421
Word #: 10 of 15
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה of the hottest H2389
הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה of the hottest
Strong's: H2389
Word #: 11 of 15
strong (usu. in a bad sense, hard, bold, violent)
וְשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם and retire H7725
וְשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם and retire
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 12 of 15
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
מֵאַֽחֲרָ֖יו ye from him H310
מֵאַֽחֲרָ֖יו ye from him
Strong's: H310
Word #: 13 of 15
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
וְנִכָּ֥ה that he may be smitten H5221
וְנִכָּ֥ה that he may be smitten
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 14 of 15
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
וָמֵֽת׃ and die H4191
וָמֵֽת׃ and die
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 15 of 15
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis & Commentary

And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David and Bathsheba, emphasizing devastating consequences of sin. David's adultery with Bathsheba and murder of Uriah represent the nadir of his reign. The Hebrew narrative's sparse, matter-of-fact reporting heightens the horror. The phrase "but the thing that David had done displeased the LORD" (v. 27) marks divine displeasure. This chapter demonstrates that even "a man after God's own heart" can fall catastrophically when neglecting spiritual disciplines and succumbing to temptation. Cross-references to Psalm 51 reveal David's repentance.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 11 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding devastating consequences of sin provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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